(ii) ensure the continuous improvement of operational space weather services,
utilizing partnerships, as appropriate, with the research community, including
academia and the private sector, and relevant agencies to develop, validate, test,
and transition space weather observation platforms and models from research to
operations and from operations to research.

(d) The Secretary of Energy shall facilitate the protection and restoration of the
reliability of the electrical power grid during a presidentially declared grid
security emergency associated with a geomagnetic disturbance pursuant to 16 U.S.C.
824o-1.

(e) The Secretary of Homeland Security shall:

(i) ensure the timely redistribution of space weather alerts and warnings that
support national preparedness, continuity of government, and continuity of
operations; and

(ii) coordinate response and recovery from the effects of space weather events
on critical infrastructure and the broader community.

(f) The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
shall:

(i) implement and support a national research program to understand the Sun
and its interactions with Earth and the solar system to advance space weather
modeling and prediction capabilities applicable to space weather forecasting;

(ii) develop and operate space-weather-related research missions, instrument
capabilities, and models; and

(iii) support the transition of space weather models and technology from
research to operations and from operations to research.

(g) The Director of the National Science Foundation (NSF) shall support fundamental
research linked to societal needs for space weather information through investments
and partnerships, as appropriate.

(h) The Secretary of State, in consultation with the heads of relevant agencies, shall
carry out diplomatic and public diplomacy efforts to strengthen global capacity to
respond to space weather events.